1. CompTIA A+ - Operating Systems

OS = Operating System, bridges and controls components of a computer.

It is a platform for applications. Links human to machine by a user interface which allows us to command or do work on the machine.


Standard Features:

- File management (add, delete, rename)

- Application support (memory maangement, swap file management)

- Input/Output support (Printers, keyboards, HDDs, USBs)

- Operating system configuration and management tools (to management or monitor any aspect of the OS)


OS:

- Windows 

PROS: (large support, broad selection of OS options, variety of software support)

CONS: large userbase, big target for security exploitations. Large hardware support, difficult to create integration exercises (windows must support many different hardwares, softwares, etc)

- macOS

Desktop OS running on Apple hardware

PROS: easy to use, extremely compatible (since most stuff used with it are apply made), relatively fewer security concerns

CONS: requires apply hardware, less industry support than PC platform, higher costs

- Linux

Free Unix-compatible software system (unix-like but not unix)

Many distributions/types (Ubuntu, Debian, Red Hat/ Fedora)

PROS: Free, works on wide variety of hardware, passionate users

CONS: Limit driver support (with laptops), limited support options


OS Processors:

- 32 (x86) bit / 64 (x64) bit

Type is how much information can be stored by processor.

32bit = 2^32 or 4,294,967,296 values or 4GB of memory

64bit = 2^64 or 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 values or 17 Billion GB of memory


Drivers are also bit specific. 64bit OS can run 32bit apps but not vice versa.

- 32bit apps in Program Files(x86) folder

- 64bit apps in Program Files folder


Windows on Mobile:

- Now, tablets can run windows 10, or the baby version Windows 10 in S Mode.

- Windows Mobile , another OS version is no longer active. Support stopped December 2019


Google Android (Mobile OS)

- Open Handset Alliance (business alliance that develop open mobile device standards)

- Open source OS based on Linux

- Apps can be developed on Wins/Linux/macOS with Android SDK

- Apps on Google Play/Amazon/anywhere that can download apk files.


Apple iOS

- Apple mobile devices

- Based on Unix, Closed-source. No access to source code.

- iOS Apps developed with iOS SDK on macOS. Must be approved by Apple before public release.

- Apps available only in Apple App Store


Chrome OS

- Googles operation system (based on linux kernel)

- Centers around Chrome web browser ( most apps are web-based)

- Cheap device costs, relies on cloud access


Vendor-specific limitations

- End of life policies (policy determining when the OS will no longer be supported)

- Updating (Some OS will prompt for updates, while others will automatically download/install updates)

- No direct application compatibility between OS apps. (Apps are built to run on certain OS only)

- Web based apps have more potential because they can be cross used between OS

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